Scope Resolution Operator (::)

The Scope Resolution Operator (also called Paamayim Nekudotayim) or in simpler terms, the double colon, is a token that allows access to static, constant, and overridden members or methods of a class.

When referencing these items from outside the class definition, use the name of the class.

Paamayim Nekudotayim would, at first, seem like a strange choice for naming a double-colon. However, while writing the Zend Engine 0.5 (which powers PHP 3), that's what the Zend team decided to call it. It actually does mean double-colon - in Hebrew!

Example 19-12. :: from outside the class definition

<?php
class MyClass {
    const 
CONST_VALUE 'A constant value';
}

echo 
MyClass::CONST_VALUE;
?>

Two special keywords self and parent are used to access members or methods from inside the class definition.

Example 19-13. :: from inside the class definition

<?php
class OtherClass extends MyClass
{
    public static 
$my_static 'static var';

    public static function 
doubleColon() {
        echo 
parent::CONST_VALUE "\n";
        echo 
self::$my_static "\n";
    }
}

OtherClass::doubleColon();
?>

When an extending class overrides the parents definition of a method, PHP will not call the parent's method. It's up to the extended class on whether or not the parent's method is called. This also applies to Constructors and Destructors, Overloading, and Magic method definitions.

Example 19-14. Calling a parent's method

<?php
class MyClass
{
    protected function 
myFunc() {
        echo 
"MyClass::myFunc()\n";
    }
}

class 
OtherClass extends MyClass
{
    
// Override parent's definition
    
public function myFunc()
    {
        
// But still call the parent function
        
parent::myFunc();
        echo 
"OtherClass::myFunc()\n";
    }
}

$class = new OtherClass();
$class->myFunc();
?>